Republic of Sudan (1985–2019)

Once upon a time, in 1985, Sudan had a leader named Gaafar Nimeiry. But one day, a man named Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab decided it was time for a change and took over. This is called a coup d'état, which is like a surprise takeover. Not long after, in 1989, another leader named Omar al-Bashir took charge. He stayed in power for a very, very long time, until 2019!

Omar al-Bashir was the main leader for most of this time. He was like the captain of a ship, steering Sudan. He was re-elected three times, meaning people voted for him again and again. During his time, a big event happened: South Sudan became its own country in 2011. That's like a big part of a playground breaking off to become its own playground!

Not always. Bashir's government was accused of some really serious things, like hurting people and causing big problems in a place called Darfur. Some people even called it genocide.

Also, for a few years, a very famous and sometimes scary person named Osama bin Laden lived in Sudan. Because of these issues, other countries put sanctions on Sudan, which meant they made it harder for Sudan to trade with them. It was like being sent to your room without any toys!

After ruling for 30 years, Omar al-Bashir was finally removed from power in 2019. This was another big change for Sudan. It showed that even leaders who are in charge for a long time can eventually be replaced. This period in Sudan's history was full of big shifts, from new leaders taking over to a whole new country being born.