What is a Microarousal?

The study of microarousals evolved with the development of polysomnography, allowing scientists to quantify sleep fragmentation and identify the threshold between sleep and wake states.

Clinical instances include respiratory events like obstructive sleep apnea, periodic limb movement disorder, or environmental disturbances that disrupt sleep continuity.

Microarousals represent a physiological response where the brain transitions from deeper sleep stages to lighter stages or wakefulness for a brief duration.

They serve a homeostatic function, allowing the body to react to internal or external stimuli. However, excessive microarousals can lead to sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness.

The process involves an abrupt shift in the electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, often accompanied by an increase in muscle tone or heart rate, triggered by sensory input or physiological distress.