What is Supersymmetry Breaking?

The concept emerged from string theory and quantum field theory developments in the 1970s. The 'Hierarchy Problem' drove the need for SUSY, while experimental null results necessitated the study of breaking mechanisms.

Gravity-mediated (mSUGRA) and Gauge-mediated (GMSB) supersymmetry breaking are primary theoretical models used to describe how SUSY breaking is communicated to the Standard Model.

Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a spacetime symmetry relating fermions and bosons. Since no superpartners have been observed at the same mass as their Standard Model counterparts, SUSY must be a broken symmetry.

It provides a solution to the fine-tuning problem of the Higgs mass and offers a potential explanation for the origin of dark matter in the form of the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP).

Breaking can occur explicitly or spontaneously. Spontaneous breaking happens when the Lagrangian is invariant, but the vacuum state is not, often modeled through F-term or D-term breaking.