What is Decomposition?

Decomposition is the process by which dead organic substances are converted into simpler matter such as carbon dioxide, water, and mineral salts. It is essential for the nutrient cycle.

The process involves autolysis (internal enzymatic breakdown) and putrefaction (bacterial breakdown). It progresses through five stages: fresh, bloat, active decay, advanced decay, and dry/remains.

It is the primary mechanism for recycling finite matter. It influences soil chemistry, significantly increasing nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients in the surrounding environment.

Taphonomy, from the Greek 'taphos' (tomb), is the field of science dedicated to studying these processes and the transition of organic remains into the fossil record.

Environmental factors like temperature and accessibility to insects (e.g., Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae) dictate the rate of decay. In specific conditions, saponification can create adipocere, a waxy substance that inhibits bacterial activity.